New Fuel from Watermelon?

A client in the summer backyard barbecue and snacks, watermelon is also a promising new source of renewable energy.

According to a recent study, the rest of the watermelon from the garden "plants can grow to 9.4 million liters (2.5 million liters) of clean, renewable fuel ethanol per year for cars, trucks, gas tanks or aircraft conversion.

Agriculture, watermelon is a strange fruit - Each year, farmers across the country between 20 and 40 percent of their crops to rot in the ground. This is the ugly duck much, but on the inside, that defects or corrosion, not only selling melons in the supermarket.

Fly 'as a raven landed on the melon, it takes two to kiss on the skin, which is not good, "Wayne Fish of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Lane, Oklahoma, said." I have farmers tell me: "I've fifth bowler on the field. Is there anything I do? "

While the United States, he believes that 360,000 tons of water melons in these areas, the damage per year.

Some local farmers wonder if the waste is converted into a melon, clean fuel ethanol from sugar mills. Placed in a series of new experiences yesterday in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels, the fish and the research team has shown they can.

Moreover, the juice of watermelon in the perfect way to industrial mass production of ethanol from corn, sugar cane molasses can be converted and optimized.

Watermelon juice is it will generate approximately 10 percent sugar by volume, about half of the merger, the consideration of the rights to ethanol producers. But it is from amino acids, which are a major source of nitrogen to feed the yeast during fermentation vol.

Clean, they calculated that the team could make about 2.5 million liters of ethanol per year from waste melon, down in the bucket of an industry that last year production of 9 billion liters of corn oil and other United States.

But corn and molasses requires lots of water, nitrogen, and sometimes added in preparation for fermentation. The team has shown that the juice of the watermelon melon water consumption decreased significantly reduce the supply of nitrogen is needed, and add sugar mixture, the amount of grain or molasses, 15 percent.

"There is no substitute for corn. In that sense it remains a niche source of biofuels," said Jim Rausch, president of College Station, Texas-based Common Sense Farm Business, LLC, which developed a prototype of watermelon juice - for processing ethanol plant.

"But not like algae biodiesel and cellulosic ethanol is now. No new technology should be developed so that it is profitable. "

Killer Spices Keep Harmful to The Bay

Pesticides May smell sweet as rosemary, thyme and cinnamon.

Spices, among other things, evidence of the impact of insects on fresh fighting environment and safety for humans, "said entomologist Murray Isman, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Speaking yesterday in an American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Isman that insects are less likely to develop resistance to extract chemicals from the classic spice.

This concept is not new: For centuries, people have been extracted from plants from oil hard to protect their food. Well, scientists have finally the calculation is important, as oil and pest control against the way people more efficiently.

"There is a certain magic in the way of nature, what has been done," said Isman. "The research we are trying to find the important work that the best oil for the application."

Spice plants have a strong odor of the chemical structure: They consist of small molecules that evaporate easily. Extraction of oil from this plant is generally used for aroma and taste of food, shampoos, candles and other products.

You can also change the chemical structure of spice extracts penetrate easily into the membranes of brain cells, as an error. In recent years, scientists have two types of messenger molecules in the brain that insects with essential oils.

By blocking or stimulating molecules or their receptors, it causes the oil or high-flying insects. At the dose is high enough, said Isman, May be some of the oil from the nervous system of insects.

People, pets and other animals do not have the same molecule in the brain, Rasul, so that extracts from dangerous insects security for us. Scientists now considering the brain as a target for synthetic pesticides.

"Some of the major oil companies, the repulsion is remarkable," said Joel Coats, an insect toxicology and researcher at the University of Iowa State in Ames. "If we understand how the biochemical level, we can be better used, and this is really an important step in the moment. "



Isman devoted much time to dissect the secrets of rosemary, a neurotoxin that is particularly strong for many insects. Previous work has shown that rosemary oil contains several chemicals 80 or 90, 10, for more than 90 percent of what is available.

Isman and colleagues tested the toxic effects of 10 people by creating artificial oil extract, nine other people, then the mixture is all the spider mites. Researchers are able to finger the most powerful of the three chemicals, three or four small effects, and three or four, which seems not much to do at all for the mites.

When the scientists tested a mixture of three chemicals, but the result is that 30 per cent more toxic than the real Rosemary.

"There are some internal magic mixture of compounds, the attempt to discuss the next to them," he says. "There are advantages to the use of nature as a mixture of them come from plants.

Over time, insects can not also support the development of tolerance to the synergies involved in the complex mix of chemicals, but they quickly resistant to pesticides.

Insects are already on the market repellents with rosemary, peppermint, cinnamon, thyme and other odiferous oil, but scientists are not yet able to predict the functions of the extract, where the insects. Even in close insects react differently to the same extract.

Just know what is best in each situation, scientists can order any type of extract to each type of insect. Coats with software to predict who will extract the most powerful on the basis of chemical structure.

More than an experiment, the data show that the mixture of essential oils with pesticides to farmers to use more than half of all things classical, and still the same results.

For Bio-heart, the future of the fight against pests business, feel better and better.

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